Separation and Recycling of Concentrated Heavy Metal Wastewater by Tube Membrane Distillation Integrated with Crystallization

Separation and Recycling of Concentrated Heavy Metal Wastewater by Tube Membrane Distillation Integrated with Crystallization

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Tube membrane distillation (MD) integrated with a crystallization method is used in this study for the concurrent productions of pure water and salt crystals from concentrated single and mixed system solutions.The effects of concentrated Zn2+ and Ni2+ on performance in terms of membrane flux, permeate conductivity, crystal recovery rates, and crystal grades are investigated.Preferred crystallization and co-crystallization determinations were performed for mixed solutions.The results revealed that membrane fluxes remained at 2.61 kg·m−2·h−1 and showed a sharp decline Recovery - Sports Medicine until the saturation increased to 1.

38.Water yield conductivity was below 10 μs·cm−1.High concentrated zinc and nickel did not have a particular effect on the rejection of the membrane process.For the mixed solutions, membrane flux showed a sharp decrease due to the high saturation, while the conductivity of permeate remained below 10 μs·cm−1 during the whole process.Co-crystallization has been proven to be a Grill Door Hinge better method due to the existence of the SO42− common-ion effect.

Membrane fouling studies have suggested that the membrane has excellent resistance to fouling from highly concentrated solutions.The MD integrated with crystallization proves to be a promising technology for treating highly concentrated heavy metal solutions.